Twisted-pair cable is the most common type of cabling you can see in today’s Local Area Networks (LAN) networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk. Crosstalk is the undesired signal noise generated by the Electro-Magnetic fields of the adjacent wires.
When a wire is carrying a current, the current creates a magnetic field around the wire. This field can interfere with signals on nearby wires. To eliminate this, pairs of wires carry signals in opposite directions, so that the two magnetic fields also occur in opposite directions and cancel each other out. This process is known as cancellation.
Two Types of Twisted Pairs are Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP).
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable is the most common networking media. Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) consists of four pairs of thin, copper wires covered in color-coded plastic insulation that are twisted together. The wire pairs are then covered with a plastic outer jacket. UTP cables are of small diameter and it doesn’t need grounding. Since there is no shielding for UTP cabling, it relies only on the cancellation to avoid noise.
Colors used for Twisted Pair wires are Orange, Orange-White, Blue, Blue-White, Green, Green-White, Brown and Brown-White. Following image shows a dissected Unshielded Twisted Pair cable.
The following table shows different UTP categories and corresponding transfer rate.
UTP Category
|
Purpose
|
Transfer Rate
|
|---|---|---|
Category 1
|
Voice Only
| |
Category 2
|
Data
|
4 Mbps
|
Category 3
|
Data
|
10 Mbps
|
Category 4
|
Data
|
16 Mbps
|
Category 5
|
Data
|
100 Mbps
|
Category 5e
|
Data
|
1 Gbps
|
Category 6
|
Data
|
1/10 Gbps
|
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