In general, the Operating System is software on the first layer that is placed on the computer's memory when the computer starts booting. While other software is run after the Operating System runs, and the Operating System will perform core services for the software. Such core services include disk access, memory management, scheduling task task scheduling, and GUI / CLI user interfaces. So that each software no longer need to perform these common core tasks, because it can be served and performed by the Operating System. The section of code that performs these common and core tasks is called the "kernel" of an Operating System.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between the application program and the computer hardware, even though the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will often contact the OS or be disconnected by it. The operating system is found on almost any device that contains computers-from mobile phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
The Operating System Generally consists of Sections
Boot mechanism, ie put the kernel into memory.
Kernel, the core of an Operating System.
Command Interpreter or shell, which is in charge of reading input from the user.
The libraries, which provide a set of basic and standard functions that can be called by other applications.
Drivers to interact with external hardware, as well as to control it.
Some Operating Systems allow only one application to run at a time (eg DOS), but most new Operating Systems allow multiple applications to run simultaneously at the same time. Such Operating Systems are referred to as Multi-tasking Operating System (eg UNIX family of operating systems). Some operating systems are very large and complex, and their inputs are dependent on user input, while other Operating Systems are very small and are made with the assumption of working without human intervention at all. The first type is often referred to as Desktop OS, while the second type is Real-Time OS, for example is Windows, Linux, Free BSD, Solaris, palm, symbian, and so on.
Various Operating Systems
With the increasing of technological progress more rapidly also growth of operating system but this time I will explain 5 operating system that many in use or known in Indonesian society.
1. Microsoft Windows
Who is not familiar with this microsoft windows system even almost all existing computers already use this operating system. Microsoft Windows or better known as Windows is a family of operating systems. developed by Microsoft, using a graphical user interface.
The Windows operating system has evolved from MS-DOS, an operating system based on text mode and command-line. The first version of Windows, Windows Graphic Environment 1.0 was first introduced on November 10, 1983, but just came out of the market in November of 1985, built to meet the needs of a computer with a pictorial display. Windows 1.0 is an additional 16-bit software (not an operating system) running on MS-DOS (and some variants of MS-DOS), so it will not work without a DOS operating system. Version 2.x, 3.x version is the same. The last few versions of Windows (starting with version 4.0 and Windows NT 3.1) are standalone operating systems that no longer depend on the MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft Windows can then grow and can master the use of the operating system to reach 90%.
2. Linux
Linux is the name given to the Unix-type computer operating system. Linux is one example of the results of the development of free software and major open source. Like other free and open source software in general, Linux source code can be modified, used and redistributed freely by anyone.
The name "Linux" comes from the manufacturer's name, which was introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The system, system equipment and libraries are generally derived from the GNU operating system, announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. GNU's contribution is the basis for the emergence of the GNU / Linux alternative name.
Linux has long been known for its use on servers, and is supported by renowned computer companies such as Intel, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat and Sun Microsystems. Linux is used as an operating system on a wide variety of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, and embedded systems such as electronic book readers, video game systems (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and XBox), mobile phones and routers. Informatics analysts consider Linux's success because Linux is independent of vendor (vendor independence), low operational costs, and high compatibility compared to non-free UNIX versions, and high security and stability factors compared to other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows. These characteristics also serve as evidence of the advantages of the open source software development model (opensource software). There are several kinds of Linux distributions, such as: Debian, Lycoris, Xandros, Lindows, Linare, Linux-Mandrake, Red Hat Linux, Slackware, Knoppix, Fedora, Suse, Ubuntu.
3. OS X
OS X, or previously called Mac OS X, is the latest version of the Mac OS operating system for Macintosh computers. The operating system was first issued in 2001 and popular among users.
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